Highest Level Of Education Meaning

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Education in Germany is primarily the responsibility of the individual German states (Länder), with the federal government playing a secondary role. Optional education in kindergarten (kindergarten) is provided for all children aged one to six years, after which school attendance is compulsory.

Highest Level Of Education Meaning

Overall, Germany is one of the best performing OECD countries in reading, mathematics and science with an average score of 515 in the PISA Assessmt test, well above the OECD average of 497.

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Germany has a less competitive system, resulting in low levels of bullying and low fear of failure, but high levels of self-confidence and overall happiness compared to other OECD countries such as South Korea.

In addition, Germany has one of the highest reading rates among socioeconomically advantaged students, ranking 3rd out of 76 OECD countries. This means that Germany has one of the most educated workers among the OECD countries.

The school system in Germany is different because each Länder (territory) decides its own education policy. Most children, however, attend Grundschule (primary or elementary school) for 4 years between the ages of 6 and 9. Secondary education in Germany is divided into two parts, lower and higher. Lower secondary education in Germany aims to teach people basic general education and prepare them for upper secondary education. At the upper secondary level, Germany has a wide selection of vocational programs. German secondary education includes five types of schools. A gymnasium is designed to prepare students for higher education and ends with the final Abitur exam after the 12th or 13th grade.

From 2005 to 2018, the school reform known as G8 provided preparation for the Abitur in 8 school years. The reform failed due to the high demands on children’s learning levels and in 2019 they were moved to G9. There are only a few gymnasiums left on the G8 model. Children usually attend a gymnasium from the age of 10 to 18. The Realschule has a wider scope for intermediate students and ends with the Mittlere Reife final exam after grade 10; The Hauptschule prepares students for vocational education and ends with a final exam Hauptschulabschluss after the 9th grade and the Realschulabschluss after the 10th grade. There are two types of 10 classes: one higher level called type 10b and a lower level called type 10a; only a higher level of type 10b can lead to a Realschule, and this ends with the Mittlere Reife final exam after level 10b. This new path to achieving the Realschulabschluss in career-oriented high school was replaced by statutory school regulations in 1981 – with a one-year qualification period. During the one-year qualifying period of changes to the new rules, students could continue their studies in the 10th grade to complete the term of study established by law . After 1982, a new path was necessary, as explained above.

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The secondary vocational education format is designed for individuals to acquire advanced skills in a specific occupation. According to Clean ergy Wire, a news service covering the country’s energy transition, “most of Germany’s skilled workforce has completed a dual vocational education and training (VET) system.”

Many Germans participate in V.E.T. programs. These programs partner with approximately 430,000 companies, and approximately 80 percent of these companies hire people from these apprenticeship programs to obtain full-time employment.

This education system greatly encourages young people, because they are able to actively see the results of their work. The skills learned in these programs are easily transferable, and once a company commits to an employee from one of these trade schools, they have a mutual commitment.

V.E.T. Germany’s programs prove that a college degree is not necessary for a good job and that training people for specific jobs can also be successful.

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In addition, there is the Gesamtschule, which combines Hauptschule, Realschule and Gymnasium. There are also Förder- or Sonderschul, schools for children with special educational needs. All 21 students attend a Förderschule.

However, a Förder- or Sonderschul can also lead, in special circumstances, to a Hauptschulabschluss of both type 10a and type 10b, the latter of which is a Realschulabschluss. The amount of extracurricular work is determined by each individual school and varies greatly. With the 2015 school reform, the German government tried to push more of these students to other schools, called Inklusion.

To enter the university, students usually have to pass the Abitur exam; however, since 2009 those with a master’s diploma (Meisterbrief) can apply.

Those who want to enter a university of applied sciences (Fachhochschule) usually need to have an Abitur, Fachhochschulreife or Meisterbrief. Without these qualifications, students can enter a university or a university of applied sciences if they can provide further evidence that they can keep up with their fellow students through the ​​​​Begabtprüfung or Hochbegabtstudium (examination that confirms reputation and above.- average intellectual ability).

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A special apprenticeship system called Duale Ausbildung (dual education system) allows students to study a vocational and technical course on-the-job at a company and at a public school.

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Historically, Lutheranism had a strong influence on German culture, especially education. Martin Luther advocated compulsory education so that everyone could read and interpret the Bible for themselves. This concept has become a model for schools across Germany. Religious education at German public schools is usually provided by the churches in cooperation with the state.

In the 18th century, the Kingdom of Prussia was one of the first countries in the world to introduce free and compulsory primary education, which consisted of an eight-year course of basic education, the Volksschule. It provided not only the skills needed in the early industrial world (reading, writing, and arithmetic), but also a rigorous education in ethics, responsibility, discipline, and obedience. Children from poor areas often went to private preparatory schools for an extra four years, but the general population had little access to secondary education and universities.

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In 1810, during the Napoleonic Wars, Prussia introduced state certification requirements for teachers, which greatly increased the level of teaching. The graduation exam, Abitur, was introduced in 1788, introduced in all high schools in Prussia by 1812, and extended to all of Germany in 1871. The state also established higher education institutions for future teachers in general or primary school classes.

After the establishment of the German Empire in 1871, the school system became more centralized. In 1872, Prussia recognized the first separate high schools for women. As educated professions demanded well-educated young men, more high schools were established, and the state claimed the right to set standards and manage the new schools.

By the beginning of the 20th century, the four types of schools had achieved equal status and privilege, although they did not have the same status.

After 1919, the Weimar Republic established a free four-year general primary school (Grundschule). Most of the students studied in these schools for another four years. Those who could afford to pay a small fee to attend a Mittelschule, which offered a more complex curriculum for an additional year or two. After passing a strict trance exam after the fourth year, students could also enter one of four types of high school.

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The German Democratic Republic (East Germany) started its own standard education system in the 1960s. The Polytechnic High School (Polytechnische Oberschule) was the East German equivalent of both primary and secondary school, which all students attended for 10 years, from age 6 to 16. An exit exam was set at the end of the 10th year. Depending on the results, the student could choose to complete his education or complete an internship for two more years, after which he would receive the Abitur. Those who did very well and showed loyalty to the ruling party could go on to Erweiterte Oberschule (extended high school), where they could take their Abitur exams after 12 years at school. Although this system was abolished in the early 1990s after reunification, it still affects school life in the eastern German states.

After World War II, the Entente countries (Soviet Union, France, Great Britain and the USA) managed to ban Nazi ideology from educational programs. They established educational systems in their areas of residence that reflected their own views. When West Germany gained partial independence in 1949, its new constitution (Grundgesetz) gave Länder governments educational autonomy. This led to a wide variety of school systems, often making it difficult for children to continue their education when moving between states.

Agreements with several states ensure that basic requirements are generally met

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